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#expectancy

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Giuseppe Michieli

[Articles] #Life #expectancy losses in the #Gaza Strip during the period October, 2023, to September, 2024 thelancet.com/journals/lancet/

Our approach to estimating life expectancy losses in this study is conservative as it ignores the indirect effect of war on mortality. Even ignoring this indirect effect, results show that ongoing war in the Gaza generated a life expectancy loss of more than 30 yrs during first 12 mos of war, nearly halving prewar levels. Actual losses are likely to be higher.

Public *
Bharath Krishnan

Suppose \(A\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{2}\) is Borel and \(B\) is a rectangle of \(\mathbb{R}^2\). In addition, suppose the Lebesgue measure on the Borel \(\sigma\)-algebra is \(\lambda(\cdot)\):

Question: How do we define an explicit \(A\), such that:
1. \(\lambda(A\cap B)>0\) for all \(B\)
2. \(\lambda(A\cap B)\neq\lambda(B)\) for all \(B\)?

For a potential answer, see this reddit post [1]. (It seems the answer is correct; however, I wonder if there's a simpler version that is less annoying to prove.)

Moreover, we meaningfully average \(A\) with the following approach:

Approach: We want an unique, satisfying extension of the expected value of \(A\), w.r.t the Hausdorff measure in its dimension, on bounded sets to \(A\), which takes finite values only

Question 2: How do we define "satisfying" in this approach?

(Optional: See section 3.2, & 6 of this paper [2].)

[1]: reddit.com/r/mathematics/comme

[2]: researchgate.net/publication/3

#UnboundedSets#Sets#LebesgueMeasure
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

#Global age-sex-specific #mortality, #life #expectancy, & #population #estimates in 204 countries & territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, & impact of #COVID19 #pandemic..., Lancet: doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)

Est 131 mln people died globally from all causes in 20 & 21 combined, of which 15·9 mln were due to COVID19 pdm (includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infec & those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic).

Public
Alaska Native News

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Life expectancy in the United States is on the rise but remains lower than it was in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, as a host of other factors contributing to mortality, including chronic disease, gun violence and a persistent epidemic of overdose deaths, continue to plague the country.

According to data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Wednesday, an...
alaska-native-news.com/71171-2
#life #expectancy #increase #levels

Public
personally

Jazz musicians reveal role of expectancy in human creativity

Have you ever wondered how creativity works in the brain? It's a complex and multifaceted concept, and while we don't fully understand it yet, many believe that it involves real-time combinations of known neural and cognitive processes. One interesting model of creativity comes from musical improvisation, like in jazz music, where musicians spontaneously create novel sound sequences. Many researchers believe that creativity involves the integration and combination of known neural and cognitive processes in real-time, allowing individuals to generate novel ideas or solve problems in innovative ways.

One area that has received particular attention in the study of creativity is musical improvisation, which involves the spontaneous creation of novel musical ideas in real-time. In this study, the authors investigate whether individuals with training in musical improvisation, such as jazz musicians, might process expectations differently than individuals without this training. To test this hypothesis, they compare jazz improvisers, non-improvising musicians, and non-musicians in a domain-general task of divergent thinking (which involves generating a large number of creative ideas in response to a given prompt) and a musical task involving preference ratings for chord progressions that vary in terms of their level of expectation. While participants completed these tasks, their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG).

The results of the study showed that jazz musicians preferred unexpected chord progressions in the musical task, and that unexpected stimuli elicited larger early and mid-latency EEG responses (ERAN and P3b) in jazz musicians, followed by smaller long-latency responses (Late Positivity Potential). These EEG responses were also significantly correlated with behavioral measures of fluency and originality on the divergent thinking task. These findings suggest that expectancy may play a role in creativity, and that individuals with training in musical improvisation may process expectations differently than those without this training.

doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2017.0

#creativity #musicalimprovisation #neuralprocesses #divergentthinking #expectancy #EEG #ERP #P3b #LPP #ERAN #divergentthinkingtask #chordprogressions #fluency #originality #expectation #jazzmusicians #non-improvisers #non-musicians #real-time #mentalprocesses #opennesstoexperience #improvisationtraining #artisticexpertise #neuralunderpinnings #deviance #unexpectedevents #P3 #noveltydetection #arousal #engagement #MismatchNegativity #auditoryprediction #comparison #musicalsyntax #learning #experience #emotion #meaninginmusic #motivatingevents #affectiveappraisal #sensorydomains #motorcontrol #languageproduction #music #jazz #musicians #chords

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