Learned today:
Cement -making, which involves high heat, incurs 9% of the annual global CO2 emissions.
Roman #cement endured 2000 years, and counting.
"Ours" lasts merely 50-150 years.
Why is that?
Ours crumbles because little fissures are widened by rain water.
The Roman mix contains lotsa tiny calcium lumps. When fissures occur and rain enters them, it dissolves the calcium crumbs and this "dough" smears across the gaps. Case closed.
Heard in a curious podcast episode by a Noam Hassenfeld.
Also learned: when scientists drilled for sediment cores in 2022/2023 around Santorini and the submarine #volcano , the drill got stuck often, and 3 times, they had to use explosives to get it free. One reason: a Roman cement structure on the sea floor !
Thomas Ronge, cli-sci on this #IODP expedition, posted it yesterday on Bluesky.