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#Caspian

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CelloMom On Cars

"The major causes of the #Caspian’s decline are increased evaporation due to higher temperatures, as well as decreased rainfall and reduced discharges from inflowing rivers, the most major of which is the Volga river in Russia. All of these factors are exacerbated by #ClimateChange."

channelnewsasia.com/sustainabi

CNA‘A catastrophe’: Why world’s largest inland water body could disappear and what it says about climate changeThe Caspian Sea is facing dramatic decline in its water level, prompting urgent calls for regional cooperation. As the first part of a series in the run-up to COP29 hosted this year in Baku, CNA explores an environmental crisis fuelled by climate change and industrial activity.
Public
Mark

Ukraine may have struck #Iranian weapon supply routes

#Dagestan authorities reported a #DroneAttack over #Kaspiysk, port city by #Caspian Sea around 1,000km from front line

#Ukraine's military intelligence was behind the attack, a source in the agency told Kyiv Independent

In the 1st Ukrainian attack against the #naval base, at least 2 vessels — #MissileShips were damaged. Possibly also several small Project 21631 #ships

kyivindependent.com/dagestan-s

The Kyiv Independent · Ukraine may have targeted Iranian weapon supply routes in Dagestan strike, media suggestsAlthough the precise consequences of the Ukrainian attack are difficult to establish, the recent strike is still "significant in several ways," the War Zone's experts said.
#RussianAggression#UkrainianDrones
Public
Charlie McHenry

The planet’s largest lake is shrinking fast. Experts fear it may never recover - Damming, over-extraction, pollution and, increasingly, the human-caused climate crisis are driving its decline — with some experts fearing the Caspian Sea is being pushed to the point of no return. #ClimateCrisis #ClimateEmergency #GlobalWarming #environment #Caspian cnn.com/2024/10/24/climate/cas

CNN · The planet’s largest lake is shrinking fast. Experts fear it may never recoverBy Laura Paddison
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

Mass #Mortality in #Terns and #Gulls Associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza Viruses in #Caspian Sea, #Kazakhstan

Source: Viruses, AbstractMass mortality in Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), Pallas’s gulls (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus), and Caspian gulls (Larus cachinnans) was recorded on the northeastern shores of the Caspian Sea in June 2022. More than 5000 gulls and terns died due to the outbreak. The outbreak was investigated in the field, and…

etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/

ETIDIoH · Mass #Mortality in #Terns and #Gulls Associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza Viruses in #Caspian Sea, #KazakhstanSource: Viruses, AbstractMass mortality in Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia), Pallas’s gulls (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus), and Caspian gulls (Larus cachinnans) was recorded on the northeastern shores…
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

#VIRAL #METAGENOMIC #SURVEY OF #CASPIAN #SEALS, BioRxIV: biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/20

Sequencing libraries from 35 seals sampled 2009-2020 were analysed, finding sequences from viral families #Picornaviridae, #Adenoviridae, #Circoviridae, #Herpesviridae, #Papillomaviridae, #Caliciviridae, #Orthomyxoviridae, #Anelloviridae, #Smacoviridae, #Cruciviridae & #Parvoviridae... Among seq. recovered were partial contigs for #influenza B, representing only 2nd molecular identification in marine mammals.

bioRxiv · VIRAL METAGENOMIC SURVEY OF CASPIAN SEALSViral diseases of pinnipeds cause substantial mortality and morbidity and can influence population demography. Viral metagenomic studies can therefore play an important role in pinniped health assessments and disease surveillance relevant to both individual species and in a 'One Health' context. This study used a metagenomic approach with high throughput sequencing to make the first assessment of viral diversity in Caspian seals (Pusa caspica), the only marine mammal species endemic to the Caspian Sea. Sequencing libraries from 35 seals sampled 2009-2020 were analysed, finding sequences from the viral families Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Caliciviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Anelloviridae, Smacoviridae, Cruciviridae and Parvoviridae. The similarity of viral contigs from Caspian seal to sequences to those recovered from other pinnipeds ranged from 63.74% (San Miguel sea lion calicivirus) to 78.79% (Seal anellovirus 4). Some may represent novel viral species, but overall, the viral repertoire of Caspian seals is similar to available viromes from other pinnipeds. Among the sequences recovered were partial contigs for influenza B, representing only the second such molecular identification in marine mammals. This work provides a foundation for further studies of viral communities in Caspian seals, the diversity of viromes in pinnipeds more generally, and contributes data relevant for disease risk assessments in marine mammals. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

Avian #Influenza Virus and Avian #Paramyxoviruses in Wild #Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the #Caspian Sea (2017–2020), Viruses: mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/4/598

The following subtypes were determined and whole-genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated strains were obtained: #H1N1 (n = 2), #H3N8 (n = 8), #H4N6 (n = 2), #H7N3 (n = 2), #H8N4 (n = 1), #H10N5 (n = 1), and #H12N5 (n = 1). No high pathogenicity influenza virus H5 subtype was detected.

MDPIAvian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)The flyways of many different wild waterfowl pass through the Caspian Sea region. The western coast of the middle Caspian Sea is an area with many wetlands, where wintering grounds with large concentrations of birds are located. It is known that wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of the influenza A virus. In the mid-2000s, in the north of this region, the mass deaths of swans, gulls, and pelicans from high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) were noted. At present, there is still little known about the presence of avian influenza virus (AIVs) and different avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) in the region’s waterfowl bird populations. Here, we report the results of monitoring these viruses in the wild waterfowl of the western coast of the middle Caspian Sea from 2017 to 2020. Samples from 1438 individuals of 26 bird species of 7 orders were collected, from which 21 strains of AIV were isolated, amounting to a 1.46% isolation rate of the total number of samples analyzed (none of these birds exhibited external signs of disease). The following subtypes were determined and whole-genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated strains were obtained: H1N1 (n = 2), H3N8 (n = 8), H4N6 (n = 2), H7N3 (n = 2), H8N4 (n = 1), H10N5 (n = 1), and H12N5 (n = 1). No high pathogenicity influenza virus H5 subtype was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of AIV genomes did not reveal any specific pattern for viruses in the Caspian Sea region, showing that all segments belong to the Eurasian clades of classic avian-like influenza viruses. We also did not find the amino acid substitutions in the polymerase complex (PA, PB1, and PB2) that are critical for the increase in virulence or adaptation to mammals. In total, 23 hemagglutinating viruses not related to influenza A virus were also isolated, of which 15 belonged to avian paramyxoviruses. We were able to sequence 12 avian paramyxoviruses of three species, as follows: Newcastle disease virus (n = 4); Avian paramyxovirus 4 (n = 5); and Avian paramyxovirus 6 (n = 3). In the Russian Federation, the Newcastle disease virus of the VII.1.1 sub-genotype was first isolated from a wild bird (common pheasant) in the Caspian Sea region. The five avian paramyxovirus 4 isolates obtained belonged to the common clade in Genotype I, whereas phylogenetic analysis of three isolates of Avian paramyxovirus 6 showed that two isolates, isolated in 2017, belonged to Genotype I and that an isolate identified in 2020 belonged to Genotype II. The continued regular monitoring of AIVs and APMVs, the obtaining of data on the biological properties of isolated strains, and the accumulation of information on virus host species will allow for the adequate planning of epidemiological measures, suggest the most likely routes of spread of the virus, and assist in the prediction of the introduction of the viruses in the western coastal region of the middle Caspian Sea.
Public
Giuseppe Michieli

Avian #Influenza Virus and Avian #Paramyxoviruses in Wild #Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the #Caspian Sea (2017–2020), Viruses: mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/4/598

The following subtypes were determined and whole-genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated strains were obtained: #H1N1 (n = 2), #H3N8 (n = 8), #H4N6 (n = 2), #H7N3 (n = 2), #H8N4 (n = 1), #H10N5 (n = 1), and #H12N5 (n = 1). No high pathogenicity influenza virus H5 subtype was detected.

MDPIAvian Influenza Virus and Avian Paramyxoviruses in Wild Waterfowl of the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea (2017–2020)The flyways of many different wild waterfowl pass through the Caspian Sea region. The western coast of the middle Caspian Sea is an area with many wetlands, where wintering grounds with large concentrations of birds are located. It is known that wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of the influenza A virus. In the mid-2000s, in the north of this region, the mass deaths of swans, gulls, and pelicans from high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) were noted. At present, there is still little known about the presence of avian influenza virus (AIVs) and different avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) in the region’s waterfowl bird populations. Here, we report the results of monitoring these viruses in the wild waterfowl of the western coast of the middle Caspian Sea from 2017 to 2020. Samples from 1438 individuals of 26 bird species of 7 orders were collected, from which 21 strains of AIV were isolated, amounting to a 1.46% isolation rate of the total number of samples analyzed (none of these birds exhibited external signs of disease). The following subtypes were determined and whole-genome nucleotide sequences of the isolated strains were obtained: H1N1 (n = 2), H3N8 (n = 8), H4N6 (n = 2), H7N3 (n = 2), H8N4 (n = 1), H10N5 (n = 1), and H12N5 (n = 1). No high pathogenicity influenza virus H5 subtype was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of AIV genomes did not reveal any specific pattern for viruses in the Caspian Sea region, showing that all segments belong to the Eurasian clades of classic avian-like influenza viruses. We also did not find the amino acid substitutions in the polymerase complex (PA, PB1, and PB2) that are critical for the increase in virulence or adaptation to mammals. In total, 23 hemagglutinating viruses not related to influenza A virus were also isolated, of which 15 belonged to avian paramyxoviruses. We were able to sequence 12 avian paramyxoviruses of three species, as follows: Newcastle disease virus (n = 4); Avian paramyxovirus 4 (n = 5); and Avian paramyxovirus 6 (n = 3). In the Russian Federation, the Newcastle disease virus of the VII.1.1 sub-genotype was first isolated from a wild bird (common pheasant) in the Caspian Sea region. The five avian paramyxovirus 4 isolates obtained belonged to the common clade in Genotype I, whereas phylogenetic analysis of three isolates of Avian paramyxovirus 6 showed that two isolates, isolated in 2017, belonged to Genotype I and that an isolate identified in 2020 belonged to Genotype II. The continued regular monitoring of AIVs and APMVs, the obtaining of data on the biological properties of isolated strains, and the accumulation of information on virus host species will allow for the adequate planning of epidemiological measures, suggest the most likely routes of spread of the virus, and assist in the prediction of the introduction of the viruses in the western coastal region of the middle Caspian Sea.
Public
KC-DOZ

#Caspian was #instrumental (hey!) in getting my small-time #postrock band signed to a label & in front of lots more people than we had right to. I remember texting Phil after hearing the rough mix of this song what came into my head - a scene of Vikings storming some misty shore to reclaim a fallen comrade. He seemed amused by this, but when the official vid surfaced months later, I couldn't help but smile. Maybe I started a thought for him, maybe not. I love them so much
youtu.be/-4drUeGWbaI?si=wFB0Io

YouTubeCaspian - "Arcs of Command" (Official Music Video)By Triple Crown Records
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